2012-05-16 Norja: Raportti: Joka viides turvapaikanhakija katoaa

[chacha2]

Norjassa on juuri julkaistu raportti joka käsittelee kadoksissa olevat turvapaikanhakijat.
Montako heitä on? Mitä heistä tiedetään? Ja mitkä faktorit vaikuttavat siihen että katoavat?
Raportin nimi on 'Missing, Asylum Seekers Who Leave Reception Centers in Norway' :

A new research topic

Asylum seekers who leave reception centers without providing a new address figure frequently in the Norwegian public debate on immigration. They are labeled as missing or unaccounted for (Norwegian «forsvunnet»). Critics have argued that no one knows who these people are, where they are and what they are up to. Some see them as potential threats to society. Others presume they leave the country or do no harm if they stay. Information is scarce and assumptions have dominated the public discourse.

This report is the first to study the groups of asylum seekers who are registered as missing from Norwegian reception centers. It does so by looking at information gathered about the applicants before they leave. These data can not, however, tell us about the asylum seekers ? motivations and what they do after they have left. A few hints about what happens to some of them can be found in mainly qualitative studies of asylum seekers and irregular migrants in Norway (Brekke and Søholt 2005, Øien and Sønsterudbråten 2011, Valenta mfl. 2011).

The question asked in this report is: What characterizes the asylum seekers who are registered as «missing» from reception centers? What is the difference between this group and those that remain in the centers, those who return, who are forced to leave or are allowed to stay?

There are several reasons why the topic of asylum seekers, who are registered by asylum center employees as unaccounted for, or missing, figures in the national discourse. The lack of knowledge about their whereabouts fuels speculation.

Do they stay in Norway as irregular migrants? In a tightly controlled country like Norway, people living outside or at the margins of society represent a challenge to authorities in charge of health services, schooling and the labor market. In a labor market stressing monitoring, how do they survive (Øien and Sønstebybråten 2011)?
...
Methodology and data

The Directorate of Immigration has provided the data included in this study. It stems from the main register containing information about immigration in Norway, the Immigration Database (in Norwegian «Utlendingsdatabasen» (UDB)).
From the database, information about 47 175 asylum seekers was gathered. These constitute all applicants that at some point were registered as living in Norwegian reception centers between January 1st 2008 and January 1st 2011.
Many of these persons had lived in reception centers for months and even years before January 2008. Historical data on these individuals are included in the material. The only criterion is that they were registered as living in a center during the three years in question. In order to be able to see what happened to the asylum seekers in our material, we follow our selection of applicants until December 2011. However, no new individuals were added after the 1st of January that year.
...
Findings

One in five asylum seekers «go missing» from reception centers
?   Approximately 9000 asylum seekers were registered as «missing» from Norwegian reception centers from January 2008 to January 2011, constituting 20 percent of all applicants in the four-year period (approx. 47 000 total applicants).

We know more about this group than what is normally assumed
?   The wide spread notion that there is no information about this group is not correct. What is correct is that little is known about what happens to most of these individuals once they leave the centers. We know who they are, but not where they are or what they are doing.
?   The number of missing asylum seekers of whom we know little, is substantially smaller than the number often quoted in Norwegian media: 10 000. Depending on methodology, this group can be reduced to a fraction. Despite the available information, however, we do not know where around 7000 former applicants are.
?   20 percent of those missing were confirmed as returnees. 1878 out of the total of 9275 missing asylum seekers had left Norway either by force (1453 persons) or by opting for the voluntary assisted return program (425 persons).
?   Some of those registered as missing obtained residence permits. 449 out of the 9275 missing asylum seekers were permitted to stay in Norway.

Those gone missing: Young men, without families and children, often Dublin cases
?   The typical missing asylum seeker was somewhat younger than those who were accepted and settled in Norway.
?   Men were overrepresented. The overall gender balance among asylum seekers in Norway is seven to ten. Among those who were settled during the four-year period, six out of ten were men. The group missing consisted of 86 percent men. Asylum seekers who stated private addresses when leaving the centers showed similar gender (un) balance.
?   More than four out of ten of those missing (43%) were Dublin cases, i.e. they were facing being returned to the European country where they first applied for asylum.
?   Those missing came mostly without their families. Almost half of all asylum seekers who came to Norway during the period had family ties to other applicants. Among those who went missing, only two out of ten had such affiliation.
?   There were few children among those missing. Only one in ten missing asylum seekers was part of a family with children.

Nationality matters, major sending countries lower than average
?   A small group of countries had high rates of missing asylum seekers. The top three nationalities going missing in the period were Nigeria (56 percent), Kosovo (27 percent) and Uzbekistan (25 percent). However, despite these high percentages, these countries contributed only 1000 persons (out of the approximately 9000 total missing).
?   Applicants from the major sending countries had average or below chance of ending up as missing. Apart from Iraq (25 percent), the top seven nationalities scored below the average (20 percent), with Somalia, Russia, Ethiopia and Eritrea all being closer to a 10 percent missing rate.
?   One in three applicants from Sri Lanka stated that they moved to a private address instead of living in reception centers (37 percent). Apart from Iraq (18 percent) only a few applicants from the other major sending countries chose this option.

Absences from centers had little impact on going missing
?   Missing asylum seekers have shorter stays in reception centers than those who settle. The only group with even shorter stays was those who move to private housing.
?   Few asylum seekers were absent from centers and then returned. Only 3 percent of asylum seekers are registered as having left reception centers and then coming back. The number for those who end up as missing was also low, 4 percent.

Six percent of those missing were allegedly unaccompanied minors
?   Although constituting only 6 percent of the total number of missing asylum seekers, 546 persons stating to be unaccompanied minors went missing during the four-year period. Within this group there were many rejected cases.

Return rates were high for certain groups of «missing» asylum seekers
?   The nationalities with the highest return rates (forced and assisted voluntary) among the missing asylum seekers were Serbia, Uzbekistan, Nigeria and Russia. The «missing» Iraqis also showed a high return rate. Contrary to the before mentioned groups, the Iraqis had more voluntary than forced returns.
?   Most returns of missing asylum seekers happened in the first three months after they went missing. A substantial number (150 persons) were however returned before they were registered as being absent from the centers.

Many work permits among applicants moving to private addresses
?   Among asylum seekers who were approved and settled in Norway, three out of ten had work permits during their waiting period. This number was lower for the group that went missing (26 percent), but substantially higher for those that stated private addresses (59 percent).

Fewer with documented or substantiated identity
?   More than nine out of ten settled asylum seekers had documented or substantiated identities (96 percent). The process of establishing identities stops once asylum seekers leave the asylum process. This may help explain why fewer of those returned by the police and those missing had documented or substantiated identities (12 and 23 percent respectively).

Rejections did not increase the percentage «missing». Exemptions
?   No general correlation was found between group acceptance rates and rates of missing asylum seekers. For the major sending countries there were no such relations. Some minor sending countries had many rejections and a high percentage of missing, indicating a possible covariation. These exemptions influenced the probability of going miss- ing somewhat (see below).
?   Most missing asylum seekers disappeared around the time of the final rejection (the Immigration Appeals Board). However, about half (3346 persons) of those rejected (6539) left centers before they knew the final outcome of their cases.

No family and no children increased the probability of going missing
?   A multivariate analysis confirmed the factors that affect the probability of going missing. No children, no family ties, being a man, not having a documented or substantiated identity, having a Dublin case, being rejected, all increased the probability of going missing. So did having a nationality with a high missing percentage, such as Nigeria.
?   Inversely the opposites reduced the probability of ending up as unac- counted for: Being a woman, having family and children etc. Coming from most of the major asylum sending countries, such as Somalia, Eritrea, Afghanistan and Russia, also reduced the probability.

http://www.samfunnsforskning.no/Publikasjoner/Rapporter/2012/2012-002 (Last ned pdf)

Koko raportti on kyllä lukemisen arvoinen. Sisältää paljon hyviä taulukkoja joista selviää mistä on kyse.

[chacha2]

Raportin tulokset eivät miellytä Frptä ainakaan.

FRP: - Tästä me olemme varoittaneet
Norjan Storetingetin oikeusvaliokunnan puheenjohtaja  Per Sandberg(Frp) on järkyttynyt:
- Nämä ovat dramaattisia ja surullisia lukuja, jotka osoittavat  että meidän varoitukset ovat pitäneet paikkansa. Frp on varoittanut tästä jo 10-15vuotta ja esittänyt monia aloitteita kuten nopeutettuja menettelyaikoja, turvapaikkahakijan identiteettivaatimusta  ja suljetuttuja vastaanottokeskuksia, sanoo Sandberg Nettavisenille.
Hän ei yllättynyt:
- Ei ole yllättävää, että niin monet katoavat, kun meillä on hallitus, joka on vastannut vaatimuksiimme hajautetuilla, avoimilla vastaanottokeskuksilla. Tällä hetkellä 16000 turvapaikanhakijaa asuvat vastaanottokeskuksilla keskellä Norjassa, tämä vastaa keskisuuren Norjan kaupunkia. Siellä he elävät vapaasti huoneistoissa ja taloissa. Ei ihme, että he yrittävät paeta, sanoo Sandberg.
- Nyt muutkin osapuolet pitää herätä. Mikään ei viittaa siihen, että turvapaikanhakijoiden määrä laskee. Tämä tarkoittaa, että meidän täytyy tiukentaa valvontamme, sanoo Sandberg.http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article3397965.ece

(Suora linkki raporttiin: http://www.nettavisen.no/multimedia/na/archive/01041/Missing__Asylum_se_1041136a.PDF )

[chacha2]

NRK(Norjan YLE tavallaan) julkaisi muuten juuri tänään tämän http://p3.no/dokumentar/de-uonskede/#HarProtesterIOverEtAar .
Dokumenttisarja, nimeltään 'De uønskede', paperittomista pakolaisista.

Mikä sattumus.

[G-C]

kadonneen jäljillä....osa 16... tossa naapuritalossa asustaa iloinen suurpers,perhe...lie mistä ovatten kateissa, ku kukaan ei niistä tummista suomea puhu, mut kersat puhuu keskenään ruottia pihal...

[KeiKei]

Tänäänkin tuli kaupungilla vastaan nigerialainen, joka pari vuotta sitten teki oharit, kun mentiin hakemaan lennolle. Näitä katoajia on Suomessakin varmasti satoja. Paperittomiksi siirtolaisiksiko näitä nykyään kutsutaan???