OSF: Somalis in Oslo

[Kemolitor]

Marraskuun lopussa ilmestyi Open Society Foundationsin raportti Somalis in Helsinki, josta tarkemmin tässä ketjussa:
http://hommaforum.org/index.php/topic,89602.0.html

Sivulla http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/somalis-helsinki sanotaan näin:

Somalis in Helsinki is the first report in the Somalis in European Cities series produced by the Open Society Foundations' At Home in Europe Project. It is the result of research that examines Somali living conditions in seven cities across Europe (Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Leicester, London, Malmo, and Oslo), as well as the ways in which municipal authorities counter growing social, political, and economic tensions and consider the needs of Somalis in key decision-making.

Sarjan toinen osa, Somalis in Oslo, on ilmestynyt 10.12.2013. Vähän salavihkaa pääsi ainakin minulta ilmestymään, en huomannut, että mikään lehti olisi asiaa noteerannut.

Sivulta http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/somalis-oslo löytyy linkki itse raporttiin:
http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/somalis-oslo-20131210_0.pdf

En ole raporttia vielä ehtinyt kokonaan lukemaan, tässä muutamia silmiin osuneita kohtia alkupäästä:

s. 15:
Participation rates in school are lower for Norwegian-Somalis than for the population as a whole as well as for all immigrant groups, with drop-out rates well above average as well.

s. 16:
Employment: Norwegian-Somalis struggle in the labour market, with a range of studies finding low levels of employment, for instance in Oslo where by 1 January 2013, only 40 percent of men and 23.1 percent of women aged 30–59 were employed. Women's participation in the labour force is particularly low, possibly due in part to the fact that many are single mothers with responsibility for many children and because of expectations that women do not seek work outside the home. The overall poor labour market situation of Norwegian-Somalis can partly be explained by the fact that
Somalis have arrived recently in Norway, and the lack of formal qualifications of the majority of them is problematic in a country that lacks options for unskilled labourers.

The lengthy process towards finding work is a real barrier to inclusion. In particular the first phase in Norwegian asylum centres – which has been described as the waiting phase – is crucial in this respect. Moreover, many Norwegian-Somalis find the programmes to help them find employment are of limited use. Focus group participants attributed the difficulties securing work to a range of factors, including both structural factors such as discrimination and exclusion, and personal ones such as insufficient language skills or a lack of formal qualifications. Initiatives to address the situation include the Job Opportunity (Jobbsjansen) project; the Link Workers (Linkarbeidere) project; and initiatives to provide support for entrepreneurs.

Housing: A challenge that prevents Norwegian-Somalis from buying, besides their lack of purchasing power, is that they avoid taking out a mortgage because there are none available that complies with Islamic lending rules.

Research indicates that police "stop and search" actions rely on racial profiling and give rise to tensions between ethnic minorities and the police force. Youth gang activity, which is currently rare but is an issue of future concern, does often have an ethnic or racial component, and a number of programmes have been developed to address youth criminality in Oslo.

Aika tutun kuuloista verrattuna Somalis in Helsinki -raporttiin. Mutta katsotaan nyt, mitä sieltä kaikkiaan löytyy, kun loppuun asti lukee.

[Rusinapulla]

Vaikeata on Oslossakin. Toivokaamme että muista kaupungeista tulevat raportit olisivat sävyltään positiivisia ja iloisia.

[P]

Vaikeata on Oslossakin. Toivokaamme että muista kaupungeista tulevat raportit olisivat sävyltään positiivisia ja iloisia.

Niinpä niin. Kylläpä somaleilla voikin pyyhkiä huonosti tutkimusten valossa, Helsingissä, Oslossa, Minneapoliksessa, Uk:ssa ja Mogadishussakin. Varmasti syyllisiä tähän tilanteeseen pitää etsiä kaikkialta muualta, kuin somalikulttuurista, joka on tunnettu avarakatseisuudestaan yli klaanirajojen ja jäsentensä innostamisesta opiskelemaan sekä integroitumaan muuhuin yhteiskuntaan.

On se ihme, että sovittelijoiden ja koneinsinöörien suurvalta kulttuurin jäseniä syrjitään maasta ja mantereesta toiseen?

[akez]

Varmaan jossakin asia on jo mainittu, mutta mainitaan kerran vielä: Open Society Foundations on jenkkimiljardööri George "keinottelija" Soroksen perustama ja sen tavoitteena on vaikuttaa valtioissa harjoitettuun politiikkaan kansalaisyhteisön (civil society) ryhmiä ja järjestöjä rahoittamalla. Näillä epädemokraattisilla järjestöillä sitten isketään puukkoa kansallisvaltioiden selkään samaan malliin kuin EU tekee. Välineet ovat samat kuin punavihreiden käyttämät. (Kts. hs ja yle)

[Rusinapulla]

Sanottiinko tässä mitään, vai jäikö kissa kiertelemään puurolautasta?

Khat is another thing that is focused on by the media and to a lesser extent also in
governmental policy and practice. While female circumcision and khat are certainly
topics of discussion in the Norwegian-Somali community, they were rarely discussed in
the Open Society Foundations focus groups. Instead, many of the discussions
concentrated on the encounters that Norwegian-Somalis had with the health and social
protection system. Although khat abuse and its consequences affect Norwegian-
Somalis, the stigmatising way khat has often been debated in Norway leaves very little
room for an open airing of views involving Norwegian-Somalis and relevant
Norwegian actors.

Avoimempaa Khat-keskustelua kiitos!

Norwegian-Somalis are by and large the only group of people using khat in Norway.
While khat use and abuse have been studied widely, there is no convincing academic
evidence on the physical and even social implications of khat.  345

The physical evidence is simply not good enough, as insufficient systematic medical research has been
conducted, possibly because khat is considered a minority drug with little attraction to
wider communities.346 Warsame Ali and Manmeet Kaur also point out that studies
find it difficult to prove clear causal relationships because users may have had preexisting
psychological health problems.347 The problem with identifying clear causal
relationships with social problems is that khat abuse is one of many factors
contributing to difficult living conditions.348 Most research suggests that khat and
other drug abuse must be seen in a wider context.349

There are wider concerns that need to be addressed in strategies for dealing with khat abuse, one of which is trying to restore meaningful everyday life after long periods of waiting during the asylum
phase350 followed by not being in a position to make any contribution to society. This
situation is not relevant only to khat abuse but also refers to other drug use. A holistic
approach is necessary (see also Box 11).

Tsemppiä!

[akez]

^ Veikkaisin, että haluttaisiin "oikeaa" khat-keskustelua, joka tarkoittaa, että khat on hyvä juttu (koska somalit).

[Roope]

Varmaan jossakin asia on jo mainittu, mutta mainitaan kerran vielä: Open Society Foundations on jenkkimiljardööri George "keinottelija" Soroksen perustama ja sen tavoitteena on vaikuttaa valtioissa harjoitettuun politiikkaan kansalaisyhteisön (civil society) ryhmiä ja järjestöjä rahoittamalla. Näillä epädemokraattisilla järjestöillä sitten isketään puukkoa kansallisvaltioiden selkään samaan malliin kuin EU tekee. Välineet ovat samat kuin punavihreiden käyttämät. (Kts. hs ja yle)

Muun muassa Johanna Korhosen pamfletti perussuomalaisista ja "maahanmuuttokriittisistä" (Korhonen ei suostu kirjoittamaan sanaa kuin lainausmerkeissä) oli Sorosin OSF:n rahoittama.

OSF: Johanna Korhonen: The crumbling of Finland's consensus culture: silence into rumpus 30.12.2012
OSF: Anna Vesterinen: Who are the Finns? Ask The Finns! 14.12.2012

[Uimakoulutettava]

Pääomasijoittaja George Soros- yhteisen hyvän asialla.

Journalisti, kirkkovallanpitäjä Johanna Korhonen - rikosilmoituksin kohti avointa yhteiskuntaa.

Pössyttelevä somali Oslossa - kohti vastuullista huumausainepolitiikkaa.

Tyttönsä ympärileikkaavat muslimit - kohti monikulttuurista vanhemmuutta.

edit:
Lisätty vanhemmuuteen kohdistuvaa rakkaudetonta vihapuhetta.

[Blanc73]

Vaikeata on Oslossakin. Toivokaamme että muista kaupungeista tulevat raportit olisivat sävyltään positiivisia ja iloisia.

Missäpä länsimaassa somaleilla ei olisi vaikeuksia sopeutua osaksi sivistysyhteiskuntaa? Hommaankin on vuosien saatossa linkattu useita uutis-juttuja esim isosta-Britanniasta, Minnesotasta, Ruotsista etc etc. Sama tarina joka paikassa: somalit jatkavat ikuista perseilyään ja mikään ei onnistu. "Reverse Midas touch".

[Kemolitor]

Lisää poimintoja tekstistä:

Rukoileminen kesken työajan hämmentää Norjassakin, samoin kuin pukeutuminen:

s.38:
This is something that has strong implications for everyday life, affecting practices and debates on food, clothing and prayer, for example. In a number of focus group discussions, prayer and clothing were a topic of discussion. Norwegian-Somalis are confronted with limited understanding of their wish to pray during introduction courses or at work.

While discussions about prayer are affecting men and women alike, Norwegian- Somalis in Oslo agree that women have a more difficult time because of clothing. They emphasise that the reaction to the hijab can be a major obstacle for women, bringing more negative judgement on them from the first meeting.

a 2012 survey found that between half and three-quarters of the population has a negative attitude towards women wearing a hijab in a range of contexts beyond just wearing it on the street.

Mikä kumma norjalaisia vaivaa, kun suhtautuvat hijabiin negatiivisesti.

Sivuilla 48 - 65 käsitellään koulutusta.

s. 49:
There are only survey data on educational levels upon arrival, not register data, but the available data suggest that a large part of the adult population entering Norway has no educational background at all, and only 14 percent has higher education.

In the statistics on educational achievement that are available, Norwegian-Somalis usually come out at the bottom of the list.

s.53:
Norwegian-Somali pupils were in the category of low-performing pupils, together with those from Iraq, Turkey, Yugoslavia and Chile.

Yllättävää kyllä, Norjassakin kantaväestö pakenee maahanmuuttajavaltaisilta alueilta:

s.54:
Oslo has an increasing concentration of minorities in certain areas, and this of course also leads to an increasing concentration of pupils with a minority background in schools. Therese Sundell has shown that increased segregation can also be explained by the preferences of the majority population, for instance parents moving out of areas where there is a high concentration of children with minority backgrounds in the schools.

Toimeentulotuki on Norjassakin tärkeätä somaleille:

s. 60:
Statistics show that Norwegian-Somalis are at the lowest end of the income ladder; they have little to no education and a weak link to the labour market. Many live on social welfare.

Pienet ristiriidat tekstissä ovat jääneet kirjoittajalta huomaamatta:

s. 49:
where there has not been a public school system since the collapse of the Somali state in 1991
s.61
Norwegian-Somali parents are not used to that level of formalisation. "In Somalia we don't have fixed meeting times in the course of the year. The school calls the parents for example only when the child has done something bad..

Maahanmuuttajien jakautumisessa kouluihin on samanlainen tilanne kuin Helsingissäkin:

s. 63:
Oslo schools are to a certain extent segregated: some schools hardly have any pupils with immigrant backgrounds while others have a majority.

[Kemolitor]

Sanottiinko tässä mitään, vai jäikö kissa kiertelemään puurolautasta?

Khat is another thing that is focused on by the media and to a lesser extent also in
governmental policy and practice. While female circumcision and khat are certainly
topics of discussion in the Norwegian-Somali community, they were rarely discussed in
the Open Society Foundations focus groups. Instead, many of the discussions
concentrated on the encounters that Norwegian-Somalis had with the health and social
protection system. Although khat abuse and its consequences affect Norwegian-
Somalis, the stigmatising way khat has often been debated in Norway leaves very little
room for an open airing of views involving Norwegian-Somalis and relevant
Norwegian actors.

Avoimempaa Khat-keskustelua kiitos!

Minä luin pariin kertaan nuo khat-jutut enkä oikein ymmärtänyt, mitä siinä yritettiin sanoa. Minulle on alkanut tulla koko raportista sellainen kuva, että siinä käsitellään somaleja melkoisin silkkihansikkain. Ikäviä asioita tulee joka suunnasta vastaan, mutta kaikelle löytyy selitys. Khatin pössyttelyä ehkä on vaikeampi selittää, joten sitten pyöritellään vain asiaa epämääräsiin sanakääntein.

Joku itseäni paremmalla kielitaidolla varustettu voisi lukea tuon khat-osuuden ja kertoa, mitä siinä oikein yritetään sanoa.

Kuinka ollakaan, Rahmispossun uusin päivitys:
Khat-ennätykset rikki Norjassa

[Rusinapulla]

Ei siinä sanottu yhtään mitään, kirjaimia peräkkäin jotka muodostavat ympäripyöreitä sanoja, höpöhöpöä ettei Khat vissiinkään ole somppukulttuurissa mikään ongelma, kuten ei ole tyttöjen ympärileikkaukset - kun eivät ole ikinä tulleet puheeksi Open Forumin kahvitteluhetkissä.

[LW]

Khatin laittomuus on muuten rakenteellisesti rasistista ja ihmisoikeussopimusten vastaista. No miksi? Siksi, että poliisin toimenpiteet lain johdosta jotenkin oudosti osuvat vain yhteen etniseen ryhmään. Tietenkään laissa ei suoraan sanota, että vain somaleita pitää rangaista khatin hallussapidosta ja myynnistä, mutta siitä syntyy silti 'disparate impact'. Itse asiassa samaa voisi sanoa monista muistakin rikoslain pykälistä, mutta tämä on erityisen törkeä, ilmeinen ja vain yhteen etniseen ryhmään kohdistettu vääryys.

Khat lailliseksi. Rasismille EI!

[Kemolitor]

s. 66-80 Employment

Norjassa ei somaleilla oikein hyvin pyyhi työllistymispuolella:

s.67: Norwegian-Somalis, meanwhile, are frequently mentioned as the group performing most poorly on the Norwegian labour market; a range of statistical reports have illustrated this fact. The situation has not changed significantly in the last decade.

s. 68: Indeed, another clear characteristic of Norwegian-Somali employment rates which affects the low totals, is the fact that women's participation in the labour force is extremely low.

Koneinsinöörejä ei ole Norjaan asti riittänyt, ilmeisesti tulivat kaikki Suomeen:

s. 70: Another factor is previous work experience. Norwegian-Somalis are not just among those with the shortest length of stay in Norway, but they are also among those with the lowest levels of education and labour market experience upon arrival.

Taikaseinä pilaa työnhakumotivaation:

s. 77: Other research participants spoke about the motivations of fellow Norwegian-Somalis and explained their lack of employment by saying that it is too easy to get social benefits in Norway; that more demands should be made on those receiving welfare; and that children of those on benefits are more likely to be on benefits, themselves as the environment you are in frames your actions. They argued that the system in Norway does not encourage participation in the labour market.

Mutta tietenkin syrjintää myös esiintyy:

s. 79: Based on the in-depth interviews done the study, Midtbøen and Rogstad argue that discrimination has many aspects to it – it is not a one-sided process. Many employers mention more absences for health reasons, bad work ethics or an inability to understand  he codes that apply in the workplace among employees with ethnic-minority backgrounds. In a number of the interviews, various negative perceptions of Norwegian-Somalis were brought to light, at times based on experiences with previous employees and at times based on general stereotypes. The authors point out that good experiences are linked to individuals, whereas bad experiences are generalised to groups. Many employers  tressed that "individual suitability" is important as well, which is used as an overarching concept for different ways in which ethnic-minority candidates do not fit.

Somalit kokevat heitä syrjittävän eniten Norjan maahanmuuttajaryhmistä:

The 2005–2006 survey (LKI) of living conditions among Immigrants in Norway revealed that Norwegian-Somalis indicate that they experience discrimination in hiring processes by far the most often among 10 selected non-Western immigrant groups.

Rukoilu ja hijabin käyttö aiheuttavat myös syrjintää:

s. 80: Women who wear the hijab face additional challenges because of their attire, while both men and women who wish to pray during work hours often find few accommodations.

s. 81 - 95 Housing

Norjassa ilmeisesti normaali asumismuoto on omistusasunto, tämä ei kuitenkaan somaleilta ole onnistunut:

s. 84: Somalis are the immigrant group with the lowest percentage of homeownership: in 2005–2006, only 16 percent owned their house, compared with 63 percent among immigrants generally and almost 80 percent among the population as a whole.

Entä vuokra-asunnot? Siellä tulee vastaan syrjintä:

s. 88: Yet one of the largest problems on the private housing market seems to be discrimination. Discrimination in the housing market, which is well documented, can limit access to good housing and will contribute to explaining the bad housing situation of Norwegian-Somalis.

Kamalan rasistisia kommenttejakin asuntojen omistajat ovat laitelleet:

s. 89: In this encounter, it is not uncommon for landlords to express openly that they do not want Somali tenants. Most of the research participants had themselves experienced this, or had close family and friends who had experienced it. Some of the phrases that participants in the focus groups had encountered were: "I don't rent out to Somalis and smokers"; do not want a Somali, and those who are single mothers are poor"; "I do not like Somalis"; "Somalis cannot be trusted, they ruin everything in the apartment and they smell".

Asunnon ostamisessa tulee vastaan myös islamin kieltämä korko, harras muslimi ei sitten voi ottaa pankkilainaa. Korko on ilmeisesti islamissa yksi seitsemästä kuolemansynnistä (?), tosin minulle jäi epäselväksi, koskeeko se sekä lainanottajaa että -antajaa.

s. 91: However, there is another issue that is hardly discussed in the extensive literature on immigrants in the housing market, and that is the Islamic prohibition of paying interest.

s. 92: In a number of focus groups, there was a strong expression of the fact that riba was unacceptable and that if other Muslims were buying houses that was because they were not as religious as Somalis. One of our facilitators wanted to know more about why the prohibition against riba was something that Norwegian-Somalis were holding on to while there were other things that are haram which did not seem to lead to the same collective condemnation.

Zamzam Abdinasir responded:
Like you say, Somalis do a lot that is haram. I am not a sheikh but Allah says that people can make mistakes but riba is one of the biggest sins. If human beings do something that is haram they can ask for tawba. But riba is one of the biggest sins so that might be why many Somalis do not take it.
Riba means interest and is forbidden in Islamic economic jurisprudence. It is considered  hne of the seven major sins. The rationale behind this is that it is considered an unearned or unequally distributed income; unearned when the realised income that is earned out of the loan is less than the interest rate, and unequally distributed when the realised income is higher than planned.

Mitenkä sitten mahtavat pankit toimia islamilaisissa maissa, jos koron maksaminen on kiellettyä? Ja toisaalta, miten muslimit yleensäkään voivat muissakaan maissa ottaa pankista lainaa?

[guest3656]

On lohdullista huomata, että somalit epäonnistuvat myös Oslossa. Hetken jo pelkäsin, että Suomeen on muuttanut epäkurantteja somaleita.

[Kemolitor]

s. 96 - 119 Health and social protection

Jotta elämä ei pelkkää surkeutta olisi, terveyden puolesta ei somaleilla ole valittamista:

s. 98: The most detailed studies on the health conditions of Norwegian-Somalis (and other large migrant groups in Norway) are two studies by Svein Blom based on the living conditions survey 2005/2006,  in which Norwegian-Somalis were found to be the national group that scored best on health among the 10 groups in the survey. Health was operationalised by the following five indicators in the study: self-evaluated health, somatic diseases, deterioration in everyday wellbeing due to illness, psychosomatic pains and mental health problems. On all these indicators, Norwegian-Somalis scored positively and Norwegian-Somali men reported least health problems of all the 10 groups, whereas women reported the second-best after Norwegian-Sri Lankan women. The main problem with the study is that it was based on people's answers to survey questions about health rather than on register data, which is barely available on health issues. Blom pointed out that another explanation of the positive health outcomes of Norwegian-Somalis was the young age of the group.

Tyttöjen sukupuolielinten silpominen huolettaa Norjassakin, mutta asiasta ei kannata liikaa puhua, koska tällöin leimattaisiin määrättyjä ihmisryhmiä ja se taas olisi leimaavaa:

The report of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on Norway, under recommendation 15, expresses concern for the fact that the perceived excessive focus on FGM and forced marriage can be seen as stigmatising groups of immigrants in Norway. Discussing female circumcision is not just relevant because it is much debated and leads to stereotyping and stigmatising, but it also permits an exploration of encounters between the Norwegian health system and Norwegian- Somalis that are difficult in various ways and that have been extensively researched.

Norwegian health workers maintain a level of taboo and silence around female circumcision which reduces their access to knowledge on the topic. At the same time, there is a tendency to overemphasise culture and the "otherness" of Somali women.332 As a consequence, many Somali women fear stigmatization. Health workers' lack of knowledge about how to deal with infibulations is not being dealt with and a much needed open discussion between Norwegian-Somali women and relevant actors is not taking place.

Somalimiehillä on esiintynyt henkisiä vaivoja, mutta he hankkivat apua muualta kuin lääkäreiltä. Mitähän tuo voi tarkoittaa?

s. 105: There has been some focus in Norway on the fact that Norwegian-Somalis, and especially Norwegian-Somali men, have problems, and the mental health services have also found them difficult to assist. Another problem, as Karin Harsløf Hjelde has pointed to, is that Norwegian-Somalis who suffer from mental illness in Norway will not normally visit a doctor but will find other types of help.

Norjassakin on huomattu, että somalit lähettävät lapsiaan Somaliaan kasvamaan oikeaan suuntaan:

s. 117: One method that is used by Norwegian-Somalis when young people, particularly boys, develop behavioural problems, is to send them back to Somalia or East Africa.

s. 120-129  Policing and security

Maahanmuuttajat ovat Norjassakin yliedustettuina rikostilastoissa:

s. 120: Reports on policing and security in connection with immigrant communities stress that Norway is safe, as is Oslo compared with other cities. However, immigrants seem to be overrepresented in crime statistics. Some of the literature does not distinguish between different country backgrounds, but rather distinguishes between immigrants and non-immigrants.

Erityisesti somalit kunnostautuvat tässä asiassa, mutta tilastoja pitää osata tulkita oikein, ettei tule väärinkäsityksiä:

s. 122: Norwegian-Somalis are among the groups with the highest number of offenders in Norway, together with people from a range of other countries. A study by Torbjørn Skardhamar et al. found that for the period 2001–2004, offenders with an immigrant background from Somalia represented 23 percent of the total offenders. Weighted for age and gender, place of residence and employment, the figure went down to 13 percent (compared with 5 percent for the rest of the population). In 2005–2008, on the other hand, the figures were almost 15 percent without adjustments, and 8 percent adjusted (compared with 5 percent for the rest of the population). Somali offenders in prisons in 2005–2008 represented just over 3 percent of the total of people in prison (adjusted for age and gender, just below 2 percent). This compares with 0.8 percent of the total of the rest of the population, although percentages were similarly high for immigrants from Kosovo, Morocco and Iran.

Tietysti pitää huomioida, että rikoksia tekevät nuoret miehet, joita maahanmuuttajista suuri osa on, lisäksi poliisi mieluummin pidättää maahanmuuttajia:

s. 122: One point made is that it is likely that specific groups of immigrants, because of the demographic profile of the population (such as a high proportion of young men), are more likely to have a higher proportion of people engaged in criminal activities. Research has shown that in general, young men commit more crimes than women and older men; more criminal behaviour is associated with big cities or greater urbanisation; and poor living conditions, low levels of education and unemployment also increase the likelihood of criminal behaviour.
Another hypothesis to explain overrepresentation in crime statistics is that immigrants may have a higher chance of being caught because police are on the look-out for them.

Norjan poliisin kohtelee maahanmuuttajia rasistisesti pysäyttelemällä heitä ja kyselemällä papereita:

s. 123: Ethnic minorities experience the Norwegian police's practices as racist because of  the way people are (often repeatedly) stopped and asked for identification documents, which is felt to be offensive and discriminating because of the lack of satisfactory explanations for the checks.

Muslimien radikalisoitumisen estäminen on viranomaisten tehtävä, ei muslimien itsensä:

s. 125: The plan specifies that radical Islamism is a very marginal phenomenon in Norway and elsewhere, and focuses on the need to increase knowledge of the phenomenon. It draws on experiences that the Norwegian police have had with handling extreme-right movements. It also discusses the importance of a holistic approach to prevent exclusion from society. Thus, the prevention of radicalisation is not the sole responsibility of the Ministry of Justice and the Police, but is also the responsibility of the Ministry for Children and Equality.

Somalinuorten jengiytymisestä ei kuitenkaan ole pelkoa, ei ole jengejä, on vain mukavia pieniä kaveriporukoita:

s. 126: However, not all agree that there is in fact a gang problem among Norwegian-Somali youth.

Mohamed Abdi argues:
Those are not gangs, even though they like calling something a gang. They are more groups of between four to seven individuals, not 20 to 40 that say they form a gang. They are just groups, friends, a group of friends with similar interests. They go out together, maybe meet competitors and get into fights with others but they are not gangs. Times are different now; it is about money. There are not enough opportunities for youth ... there are youth clubs but nothing specific that is directed at these groups

s. 130 - 140 Participation and citizenship
Tästä jaksosta en löytänyt oikein mitään erikoista.

s. 141 - 150 The role of the media

Mediassa somalit ovat olleet maahanmuuttajaryhmistä eniten esillä, aika yllättävistä syistä lisäksi:

s. 142: A media analysis based on Norwegian media, including newspapers, electronic media, radio and television, concluded that Somalis are by far the most discussed group.

The same conclusion was drawn in a systematic analysis of media reports and policy documents on remittances between 2000 and 2008. The largest share of these were concerned with remittances as an element in terrorism and crime. A review of media coverage of remittances from 1999 to 2008 showed that there are three most discussed topics about Somali remittance sending: crime, cultural practices and lack of integration. Elisabeth Eide and Anne H. Simonsen have also come to similar conclusions based on many years of research into the media's representations of immigrants. They argue that Somalis, being one of the most recent groups in Norway, have received a lot of negative attention. Statistics are quoted to illustrate that they have the highest unemployment, use most social benefits, do worst in schools, have high levels of criminality, and engage in forced marriages, FGM, khat chewing and violence. Studies clearly show that the Norwegian-Somali community in Norway receives an enormous amount of negative attention and is often used as an example of the fact that integration is failing.

Since the academic evidence is so strong, it should not come as a surprise that those interviewed for the Open Society Foundations research were very aware of this negative image in the media, and were affected by it. When asked to list negatives and positives about how Norwegian-Somalis are reflected in the media, they highlighted the same themes noted by research: Norwegian-Somalis are described as unengaged in society, violent, unemployed, abusing social benefits and poorly performing in education. Specifically Somali challenges like khat and FGM are discussed as well.

No juu, semmoinen raportti. Eipä tainnut juurikaan erota tulokset Helsingin somalien raportista. Sellaisen ison eron kuitenkin havaitsin, että Oslon raportissa ei juurikaan puhuttu rasismista eikä syrjinnästä, lähinnä satunnaisia mainintoja verrattuna Suomen tilanteeseen. Kertooko tämä sitten jotain maiden välisistä eroista vai kenties raporttien kirjoittajista.

Niin ja jos joku ihmettelee, niin FGM on female genital mutilation.